Effectiveness Of Antibacterial Antimicrobial Soaps

Effectiveness Of Antibacterial Antimicrobial Soaps Antibacterial soaps and detergents and their effectiveness has been the focus of attention in recent studies. Various individuals have questioned their added advantage over washing with plain soap and water. This research was therefore carried out to determine the effectiveness of these antibacterial / antimicrobial soaps. From the past studies, washing with antibacterial soaps has been found not to be clinically different from washing with plain soap and water. Most studies showed that the reduction in bacterial infection when antibacterial soaps are used was not statistically different to the reduction when plain soap and water were used. Furthermore, the chemical components of antibacterial soaps were found to increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This will lead to clinically important antibiotics being rendered useless and antibacterial infection will be more difficult to treat. This has already been experienced with MRSA infection. Introduction To prevent possible body infection and contamination of food and drinks with pathogenic microflora, scientists and industries came up with cleaning products that can destroy the bacteria. These products destroy both the bacteria and other microbes with an exception of viruses. The antimicrobial action is due to the presence of antimicrobial chemicals added to the products. They are several in number including chemicals like triclosan, triclocarban and tetrasodium EDTA. Recently, various individuals and bodies have argued that antibacterial detergents offer no added advantage over plain soap in preventing bacterial contamination and infection. Furthermore, it has been argued that the adverse effects of the antibacterial detergents and soaps out weigh their benefits. Some of the negative effects of antibacterial soaps and detergents have been stated as possible increased bacterial resistance to the chemicals leading to super bugs and pollution of agricultural soils and water bodies. Review of the studies in this field is therefore important to indicate the current findings on the effectiveness of these soaps. This research was therefore carried out to answer this question. Literature review Various studies have been carried out with the aim of determining the effectiveness of antibacterial soaps. Most of them have found the use of antibacterial soaps to have no added benefit in effectively minimizing contamination and infection as compared to ordinary detergents. However, some doctors still claim that these soaps have added benefits. At a scientific level, there is little proof that there is any benefit derived from using antibacterial soaps instead of plain soaps (Scrubbing troubles. 2007). Actually, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) proposes that to prevent microbial contamination and infections, persons should wash their hands as frequently as possible for at least fifteen seconds. They do not give any benefits of using antibacterial soaps (The Truth, 1999). FDA (food and drug administration) reviewed past clinical studies on effectiveness of antibacterial soaps, the results were that addition of antibacterial chemicals to soaps and detergents did not provide any added benefit (Gorgos, 2006). Their effect was similar to that of plain soap and water. The studies were based on the argument that, for the antibacterial soaps to be hygienically superior to plain soaps, they must have a higher clinically significant decrease on the bacterial load. Most of the studies did not find this to be the case. In five of the studies, washing with water and plain soap was found not to be any statistically different from washing with antibacterial soap. Plain soap and water reduced cases of diarrhea by 30 to 80% with 53 percent being the most common reduction value while antibacterial soap reduction rate was from 29 to 50 percent (Gorgos, 2006). Antiseptic soaps may have negative effects on antiseptic resistance of bacteria leading to evolution of super bugs (high drug resistant microbes) (Zamora, 2000). Over time, these antiseptic resistant microbes multiply resulting in a large number of such superbugs. Some studies have shown evolution of drug resistant bacteria. In 1958, Joshua Lederberg who was a molecular genecist became a noble price laureate after he showed how bacteria could exchange genetic material thereby producing antiseptic resistant bacteria (Clemmint, 2007). Afterwards, antibiotic resistant bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus), streptococcus pneumonia that was resistant to penicillin and tuberculosis bacteria that is resistant to multiple drugs were discovered in hospital patients. MRSA has been the cause of many deaths since the present antibiotics cannot cure the infected (Clemmitt, 2007). Another problem with the antimicrobial soaps that has been presented is the possibility of environmental pollution by the antimicrobial chemicals included in the soaps. The most common antimicrobial constituents of these soaps are triclosan and triclocarban (Brodie, 2007). After use of these soaps, triclosan and triclocarban do not biodegrade but find their way into water bodies and agricultural soils. Rolf Halden carried out a study and found out that triclosan has contaminated 60% of the streams in the United States (Alterman, 2006). Furthermore, it has been know to cause cancer and blue baby condition in newborn babies. The United States Geological survey (USGS) also carried out a survey of the level of drug contamination in the water system of the United States and found out that there is a high concentration of over the counter antibiotics in the streams (Knopper, 2003). Discussion The findings stated in the literature review all indicate that antibiotics currently have no added benefit. Most people are obsessed with the idea of antibiotics. Consumers all over are demanding more antibiotics and antibacterial soaps have attracted a large consumer base. However, from the findings indicated in this research, it may be high time people were made aware of the negative effects of antiseptic soaps. FDA does not even recommend them since they do not show any added advantage. If people continue to use them at the current rate, clinically important antibiotics will become less efficient due to the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Treatment of bacteria related disease conditions have become difficult as more and more microbes that are drug resistant evolve. The use of contaminate sludge to fertilize agricultural soils is further spreading the antibiotics into crops and animals. A research by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School found out that over 75% of antibiotics in soaps were washed down in the sewage water (Pearson, 2006). As these chemicals spread, they will continually destroy both the pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria leaving the resistant bacteria to thrive. There is also the possibility of spreading these resistant bacteria through the food chain. The studies examined clearly show the fact that when antibiotics are used at a domestic level, the benefit of reducing the bacterial count is of no clinical importance and the resulting negative effects are much greater. Conclusion Antibacterial or antimicrobial soaps and detergents are cleaning compounds that destroy bacteria and other microorganisms. They do this through the action of antimicrobial chemical compounds incorporated in the soaps. They assumed to be more beneficial at preventing bacterial contaminations and infections but there is no scientific proof that they are superior to plain soaps and water. Clinical comparisons between their effect and that of plain soap and water showed that there is no statistically significant difference between them. For this purpose, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not recommended them. Some studies have found the antimicrobial components of these soaps to have negative environmental impact and contribution in evolution of antibiotics resistant bacteria like the MRSA. Their disadvantages therefore out weigh their benefits.

Financial statement Essay

Write a five- to seven-page financial statement analysis of a public company, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. In this analysis, you will discuss the financial health of this company with the ultimate goal of making a recommendation to other investors. Your paper should consist of the following sections: introduction, company overview, horizontal analysis, ratio analysis, final recommendation, and conclusions. Your paper needs to include a minimum of two scholarly resources in addition to the textbook as references.Here is a breakdown of the sections within the body of the assignment:Company OverviewProvide a brief overview of your company (one to two paragraphs at most). What industry is it in? What are its main products or services? Who are its competitors?Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement and Balance SheetPrepare a three-year, horizontal analysis of the income statement and balance sheet of your selected company. Discuss the importance and meaning of horizontal analysis. Discuss both the positive and negative trends presented in your company.Ratio AnalysisCalculate the current ratio, quick ratio, cash to current liabilities ratio, over a two-year period. Discuss and interpret the ratios that you calculated. Discuss potential liquidity issues based on your calculations of the current and quick ratios. Are there any factors that could be erroneously influencing the results of the ratios? Discuss liquidity issues of competitive companies within the same industry.RecommendationBased on your analysis, would you recommend an individual invest in this company? What strengths do you see? What risks do you see? It is perfectly acceptable to state that you would recommend avoiding this company, as long as you provide support for your position. Busin†¦ Think about your resume from day one. Yes, you want your diploma to be the feature point of the resume. However, you also want to put anything else you  can on it. Work-study, summer job or internship experience is a big plus. Also cultivate opportunities through extra-curricular activities that appeal to you. Business – Accounting Final Paper Focus of the Final Paper Write a five to seven page financial statement analysis of a public company, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. In this analysis you will discuss the financial health of this company with the ultimate goal of making a recommendation to other investors. Your paper should consist of the following sections: introduction, company overview, horizontal analysis, ratio analysis, final recommendation, and conclusions. Here is a breakdown of the sections within the body of the assignment: Company Overview Provide a brief overview of your company (one to two paragraphs at most). What industry is it in? What are its main products or services? Who are its competitors? Horizontal Analysis of Income Statement and Balance Sheet Prepare a three-year horizontal analysis of the income statement and balance sheet of your selected company. Discuss the importance and meaning of horizontal analysis. Discuss both the positive and negative trends presented in your company. Ratio Analysis Calculate the current ratio, quick ratio, cash to current liabilities ratio, over a two year period. Discuss and interpret the ratios that you calculated. Discuss potential liquidity issues based on your calculations of the current and quick ratios. Are there any factors that could be erroneously influencing the results of the ratios? Discuss liquidity issues of competitive companies within the same industry. Recommendation Based on your analysis would you recommend an individual invest in this company? What strengths do you see? What risks do you see? It is perfectly acceptable to state that you would recommend avoiding this company as long as you provide support for your position.

The Lost Secret of What Causes Heart Problems Essay

The Lost Secret of What Causes Heart Problems Essay Any other chest pain ought to be evaluated by a doctor. It is very important to remember that frequent heartburn may be a sign of a more significant condition and one ought to talk to their primary care physician. In the event the heartburn carries on, you might require prescription medicines or surgery. The indicators of coronary disease can differ in women vs. men, and are frequently misunderstood. Knowing the difference between heartburn and chest pain is vital to getting suitable treatment. It is also a common condition during pregnancy. Heartburn that is more frequent or interferes with your day-to-day routine may be a sign of a more severe condition that necessitates medical care. What is Truly Happening with What Causes Heart Problems Essay There are lots of causes that may weaken the LES. Esophageal Motility Abnormality Sometime there's a problem in the manner that food is coerced down the esophagus and into the stomach. By lowering stress, you could possibly be in a position to assist in preventing heartburn. The reason for heartburn is excessive stream of gastric contents back in the esophagus. A lot of people experience heartburn after a huge holiday dinner. There are quite a substantial number of things that leads to heartburn that range from the form of foods you eat to the drinks you consume. It's possible to help ease the issue by making certain you drink lots of water, getting a good deal of exercise and including foods high in fibre in your daily diet. The issue is that red wines have a reputation for containing an abundance of histamines. Almost everybody experiences heartburn once a while,'' Brown states. The very first thing you ought to know is it can actually endure for days, or it may seem as though it lasts for days, based on the reason for your heartburn. Getting stressed as you have not submitted your report in time and hurriedly hoping to finish the job. Inde ed, the best method to guarantee a wholesome heart in the adult years is to create decent exercise and eating habits as a kid. Specifically, avoiding lying down for a time period after taking pills can lessen the chances of heartburn. To prevent heartburn, the very first step is acquiring knowledge. The Benefits of What Causes Heart Problems Essay Indeed, a number of the causes of heartburn can in reality be symptoms for one more disease. It is vital to differentiate the signs of heartburn and heart attack. Much like other chronic illnesses, heartburn is a consequence of overlapping and several causes. If you're a smoker, you're most likely to be prone to heartburn by seventy percent, in contrast to non smokers, and if you're a smoker and already have heartburn, your symptoms will be a lot worse. The 5-Minute Rule for What Causes Heart Problems Essay A diet full of leafy vegetables and avoiding tomatoes that are highly acidic, might be a very simple cure for heartburn. Ce rtain foods can increase the chances of experiencing heartburn. Foods Certain foods are believed to cause heartburn too. Spicy Foods Spicy foods have a reputation for causing heartburn. There are a lot of ways how to eradicate heartburn, you just need to stop by my blog for more tips. If you still have questions concerning the causes of heartburn, make certain to go to the Mayo Clinic patient site. If it comes to your wellbeing, you must be on top of everything. The fantastic news, however, is there are lots of things you can do in order to naturally quench the fires of heartburn. The Importance of What Causes Heart Problems Essay Chest pain may be caused by numerous different medical issues, which vary from minor problems to life threatening problems. The majority of media attention on the disease is centered on men. A number of coronary valve conditions might be problematic. You need to have all sections of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in t heir entire entirety. What Causes Heart Problems Essay Help! The majority of people can handle the discomfort of heartburn independently with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. It's very a good idea to keep a wholesome lifestyle with appropriate exercise and rest to prevent heartburn. Treatments for heartburn and other sorts of chest pain are extremely different. Diet plays an important function in heartburn. Innocent heart murmurs might not have any symptoms, but abnormal heart murmurs can give rise to a range of unique symptoms. Heart failure denotes the syndrome that develops as a consequence of the heart's inability to pump out enough blood to keep an adequate blood flow. Heart attack symptoms and esophageal symptoms can be exceedingly similar, since the heart and esophagus use the exact nerve supply. Most types of coronary disease if left untreated can result in heart failure. What You Need to Do About What Causes Heart Problems Essay Stomach acid i s extremely strong. Heartburn is really a symptom of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and is brought on by acid refluxing back in the esophagus. Attempt to comprehend the causes of acid reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease has become the most typical source of heartburn. What Causes Heart Problems Essay Explained Treatments and home remedies There are lots of tactics to stop or manage the signs of heartburn and nausea. For those who have heartburn often and it's severe, you might have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Now you know the very best heartburn causes, the following thing which you should do is to prevent heartburn. There's more than 1 way in which drugs can induce heartburn and at times heartburn is because of composite of unique causes. The level of the pain depends upon the degree of acid formation in stomach. At first, the human body's compensatory mechanisms make an effort to stabilize the reduced cardiac output. Active tissues, such as, fo r instance, a beating heart or contracting muscle, need mechanisms to fix the inevitable cell membrane tears brought on by physical tension and strain. In order to facilitate the heartburn, it is best to try out some stress relieving techniques like therapy, relaxation, and exercises. If you're suffering from the chronic heartburn, it could be a symptom of the gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD. If you've got an occasional bout of heartburn, it is suitable to use over-the-counter medications. Your symptoms could be more than simple heartburn and will need to get evaluated by means of a health care provider. Generally speaking, you are able to successfully care for the signs of heartburn at home. Chest pain due to heart burn generally originates at the peak of the stomach or the burning sensation might be higher up in the throat. Eating a large meal can cause chest pain brought on by heart burn. Heartburn indicates an uncomfortable feeling related to warmth or burning in y our chest. It is actually not related to the heart, while other types of chest pain can be a sign of cardiac problems, such as a heart attack.

Character Analysis Of Invisible Man - 711 Words

The narrator not only tells the story of Invisible Man, he is also its principal character. Because Invisible Man is a bildungsroman (a type of novel that chronicles a character’s moral and psychological growth), the narrative and thematic concerns of the story revolve around the development of the narrator as an individual. Additionally, because the narrator relates the story in the first person, the text doesn’t truly probe the consciousness of any other figure in the story. Ironically, though he dominates the novel, the narrator remains somewhat obscure to the reader; most notably, he never reveals his name. The names that he is given in the hospital and in the Brotherhood, the name of his college, even the state in which the college is†¦show more content†¦As a result, just as a division exists between Ellison and the narrator, a division arises between the narrator as a narrator and the narrator as a character. Ellison renders the narrator’s voice a s that of a man looking back on his experiences with greater perspective, but he ensures that the reader sees into the mind of the still-innocent character. He does so by having the narrator recall how he perceived of events when they happened rather than offer commentary on these events with the benefit of hindsight. The narrator’s innocence prevents him from recognizing the truth behind others’ errant behavior and leads him to try to fulfill their misguided expectations. He remains extremely vulnerable to the identity that society thrusts upon him as an African American. He plays the role of the servile black man to the white men in Chapter 1; he plays the industrious, uncomplaining disciple of Booker T. Washington during his college years; he agrees to act as the Brotherhood’s black spokesperson, which allows the Brotherhood to use him. But the narrator also proves very intelligent and deeply introspective, and as a result, he is able to realize the extent to which his social roles limit him from discovering his individual identity. He gradually assumes a mask of invisibility in order to rebel against this limitation. The narrator first dons the mask after his falling-out with the Brotherhood, in Chapter 22. He becomes even more invisible in Chapter 23,Show MoreRelatedInvisible Man Character Analysis1760 Words   |  8 Pagesmoment in the text, if they ever physically make an appearance at all. It is the comical distortion of their nonexistent or brief physical occurrence in the text that demands a closer examination and analysis of the character to the text as a whole. Ralph Ellison fabricated such a character in Invisible Man, famously known by all of Harlem as Rinehart. Rinehart never physically appears in the novel, and is only known to both the reader and the narrator for his various reputations. 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